Joint Custody Presumptions - And Now For The Opposing View

While we in Massachusetts are debating, most recently in the Boston Globe, the wisdom of the proposed joint custody presumption here in Massachusetts, it seems the legislature of Minnesota is studying a similar proposal in that state. In Minnesota Divorce and Family Law Blog: Joint Physical Custody Presumption Subjected to Study, Minnesota divorce lawyer Gerald Williams points out many reasons why he believes the proposed custody presumption there would not be a good thing.

I haven't read the Minnesota bill, but certainly his comments are generally relevant to our conversation here in Massachusetts. Although I am in support of the proposed shared custody presumption here in Massachusetts, I do acknowledge, and even agree with, many of the points often raised against such presumptions. Many of the best arguments against such presumptions are contained in Gerald William's post. It would be good to read it if you are interested in this.

Specifically, Williams explains why the proposed shared custody presumption in Minnesota might very well increase the likelihood of conflict, both in and out of court (many proponents of such a presumption often argue that such a presumption would decrease conflict). I think this is a very important point. I have never joined with other supporters of the shared custody presumption in believing that conflict would magically disappear once we have such a presumption in place. I'm not at all sure whether there would be more or less conflict as a result and no one knows for sure.

Perhaps even more troubling, he further points out that the Minnesota proposal, by including the obvious exception to the presumption in cases of domestic abuse (there is also this in the Massachusetts proposal) would actually be likely to lead to an increase in the use of false allegations in domestic abuse proceedings, as more litigants would have an incentive to make such claims to escape the joint custody presumption:
One other concern is the domestic abuse exception that is written into the bill. The domestic abuse laws of Minnesota are good laws, with a very bad downside: false accusations. Domestic abuse proceedings are the classic, quintessential "he said, she said", and many litigants use the laws, in bad faith, as a tactic for undue advantage. This unfortunate practice would become only more common in the instance of a joint physical custody presumption with a domestic abuse exception.

Of course, one obvious answer to that is that we also need reforms to reduce the incidence of such false allegations and fraudulent restraining orders, and fathers' groups, including Fathers and Families here in Massachusetts, have long called for such reforms as well. But still, we have to consider the very real possibility that mudslinging and false allegations would increase under a shared custody presumption, as we decide both whether we want to adopt such a presumption, and if so, how exactly we want to craft such a new law.

I certainly believe neither the current unstated presumptions or assumptions, nor a new, formal presumption in favor of joint custody can lead to a perfect system that will equally suit every type of family conflict. We have to make a choice, and the choice we make will likely cause more conflict in some instances and less conflict in others. But we can really only speculate as to how much more, or less, conflict we would face if such a presumption were adopted.

Of course, there are other concerns and interests, besides the degree of conflict in and out of court, which should guide us, and chief among them, I believe, is the interest in truth. The better, fairer, and more efficient are the mechanisms for getting to the truth in court, the more likely we will be to effect the best interests of children. That is so because, even though judges are quite fallible, they do generally desire to achieve what they believe is the right result. I believe most, if not all, of the apparent bias of judges would disappear once specific facts appeared to rescue them from their hunches and prejudices. The easier it is to get to the truth, the more often the right result will follow, whether the judge decides the case or not. And that is so because litigants - once they believe the truth would be likely to come out in court before either parent could gain an irreversible, unfair custody advantage - would be more likely to settle on that right result, whatever it is, rather than go to battle in court.

The bulk of cases will still be resolved by agreement, and mostly sooner rather than later, no matter whether we keep the current system or move to a formal presumption, and whether we have slightly more or less conflict in those toughest cases. The most important question for me, then, is what kind of system will lead to the fairest, best result for the most children. On balance, and speaking only for Massachusetts, based on my experience here, I think the shared custody presumption proposed here in Massachusetts, unless we can get the better reforms I proposed (see links to my posts below), would be a good move for us. However, there are certainly valid concerns on the other side, many of which you can find in the Minnesota blog.

For my recent posts on the proposed Massachusetts shared custody presumption, see my main post here and the follow up here. And for one of the best articles I know favoring a presumption of joint custody, see Cathy Young's 2004 article for Reason Magazine: Reason Magazine - Quis Custodiet?.

For information about Massachusetts divorce and family law, see the divorce and family law page of my law firm website.

Shared Parenting Bill: Some Responses to the Boston Globe

Just a bit more on the issue of shared parenting presumptions, the shared parenting bill, and the Boston Globe's recent editorial, which I criticized the other day here. In the following two letters to the editor, Paul Sawyer of Westford and Donald Miller of Boston both made some very good points. I especially like Donald Miller's analysis, which is in most respects just a more concise, and better-written, version of my own critique:

IN A perfect world, where judges could know everything accurately and quickly, simply leaving it for them to decide would be appropriate. The Massachusetts court system is not that world. It is encumbered and overscheduled, so divorce cases are often prolonged and acrimonious, with incomplete and biased information presented. Quick judicial decisions must be made at the beginning, and, without the presumption of joint custody, these often separate the father from the children and begin a destructive process that could have been avoided.

Your editorial presents opinions that seem fair, calling for more research and for trusting judges. However, it makes no reasonable argument for not passing the bill currently in the Legislature. In the absence of domestic violence, why shouldn't the presumption be joint custody? This presumption may change the course of many divorces - albeit with less income for adversarial lawyers - and would be better for our children as they grow up and eventually become parents themselves.

-DONALD R. MILLER, Boston


I would just take a few important, related exceptions to Mr. Miller's comments, with which I otherwise generally agree: 1) There will always be parents who cannot agree and will choose to fight, and so judges will still have to decide custody cases, and make many difficult decisions, both at the outset and later in the litigation process, whether we have the new presumption or not (that's why I advocate a better, and earlier, use of evidentiary hearings in such cases) and 2) I very much doubt that the shared parenting bill would lead to "less income for adversarial lawyers." That's probably just wishful thinking on his part, unless perhaps it's just a snarky remarky. But I'm sorry to say I'm sure we will continue to have great need for adversarial lawyers just as surely as we will continue to have adversarial parents, whether we adopt the new shared parenting presumption or not. (Now, maybe you think this is wishful thinking on my part, but believe me, I would gladly transform my law practice in exchange for greater post-marital peace in Massachusetts. I prefer to consider this simply realistic thinking, or healthy cynicism, on my part.)

For information about Massachusetts divorce and family law, see the divorce and family law page of my law firm website.

A new blog: Commercial Law

The Jurisdynamics Network is pleased to announce a new member of its family of weblogs, Commercial Law. The law of sales, leases, payments, finance, and lending has manifested some of the most dramatic responses by the law to social, economic, and technological change. From lex mercatoria to the Convention on the International Sale of Goods, from the Negotiable Instruments Law to the rapidly evolving field of electronic payments law, commercial law has been and continues to be a fascinating field in which to observe the interaction of law and business. And the venerable Uniform Commercial Code remains fertile ground for the quintessentially jurisdynamic enterprise of statutory interpretation.

We hope you will visit Commercial Law often at http://UCCLaw.blogspot.com.

Bush, McCain, Big Oil, Tort Reform, and The Supreme Court

If you're interested in some real journalism, and would like to read a really great article that manages to deal with Exxon, Bush, McCain, the US Supreme Court, taxes, tort reform, and many other things we should all be concerned with, you have to read the latest article from probably our nation's best reporter, Greg Palast:

Exxon suxx. McCain duxx.

No, this is not the common kind of "journalism" that pretends not to have a point of view. This is real investigative journalism with an attitude. But it is journalism that seeks to tell not just the truth, but the whole truth and nothing but. And so it pulls no punches. Among other things, it will explain some of the ways in which McCain has increasingly caved in, and sucked up, to the most powerful special interests as he tries to make his way to the White House.

If you want the real Straight Talk Express, you need Greg Palast, not John McCain.

And by the way, for some more conventional news accounts today on related stories, see Supreme Court Could Limit Damages in Exxon Valdez Case - by Tony Mauro, The Legal Times, regarding the Exxon Valdez damages case argued in the US Supreme Court the other day, and James Baker Backs McCain - Washington Post Blog for the news that James Baker III, who has worn quite a number of hats, including as lawyer for Exxon Mobil, lawyer for Saudi interests, and of course, big foreign policy guy in Republican White Houses, has joined Papa Bush in throwing his support behind McCain. Wow, this latest "news" about Baker and McCain is just about as shocking as the news Britney has a new lawyer again.

Greg Palast is author of the New York Times bestsellers Armed Madhouse and The Best Democracy Money Can Buy. Subscribe to his investigative reports at GregPalast.com.

The Ensemble Factor

Apropos of Jim's post on rookie legal academic talent, an underexplored aspect of talent assessment might be called the ensemble factor. A new hire, even a "best athlete," inescapably fits into an existing faculty ensemble. Some candidates present interesting possibilities to change the ensemble for the better. For example, a rookie might be a catalyst, sparking intellectual curiosity (and elevated performance) of veterans. Or, a rookie might serve as a bridge linking the work of two or more veterans who have become isolated from each other and each other's ideas over the years. Hiring the right rookies together can be a boon to the ensemble. When rookies not only like each other but can pool scholarly expertise for their mutual benefit, they quickly and deeply invest in the team. Their connection to each other lowers the risk of attrition and increases the expected value of the team's investment in them. The ensemble factor is sometimes blurred with "curricular fit," wrongly in my view. Curricular fit is but one narrow aspect of the contribution a new hire can make to the ensemble.

The potential for positive ensemble factor is far more complicated to assess than the negative. A jerk is a jerk — no matter how fast or strong he or she might be.

Ed Brown on the phone - 2/28/08











New York Trial Judge Will Allow Lesbian Couple to Divorce There

One trial court judge in New York has just decided that a lesbian couple married in Canada can indeed divorce in New York. See New York Divorce Law Blog: Lesbian Couple Married In Canada Can Divorce In New York and for a bit more detail on the case see GLBT Couples Law: NY Court Allows Same-Sex Divorce to Proceed. The judge in this case relied on a recent decision from the New York appellate division (intermediate-level appellate court) that same-sex marriages from other jurisdictions should be given effect in New York. (For information on that appellate case, see my recent post here.)

But the basic question, whether the New York courts can give a divorce to a same-sex couple married in another jurisdiction even though the couple could not have married in New York, and answered in the affirmative here by a trial judge, is quite similar to the question which was answered in the negative by the Rhode Island Supreme Court recently. (For background on the Rhode Island case, see my latest post on that here.) This recent New York case is only, at this point, the decision of a trial judge (beware: New York confusingly calls its lowest level trial courts "Supreme Courts" and they are actually not appellate courts - the intermediate level appellate courts are in the Appellate Division, and the highest court is called the Court of Appeals) and should therefore not have the same legal force (or "precedential value") in New York as the Rhode Island Supreme Court's decision does in Rhode Island. But certainly these two recent judicial decisions from New York already do indicate some disagreement between New York and Rhode Island.

We should expect more "votes" on these issues to come in from other states - and they may be expected to come from any states to which same-sex couples have decided to move. Stay tuned.

Excerpt from the GLBT Couples Law Blog:


New York, NY—In what is believed to be a groundbreaking ruling a New York City judge says that the ruling by the state's highest court that found there is no constitutional right for same-sex marriage does not apply to divorce.

The ruling by Supreme Court Justice Laura Drager allows a Manhattan woman to sue for divorce from her same-sex partner whom she married in Canada in 2004.

Drager found that out-of-state same-sex marriages are properly recognized under our law, and therefore Beth R. can proceed with her case against Donna M..

R is seeking the divorce and the awarding of joint custody of M's two children. Because the children are minors the women are identified only by letters.

M had sought to have the divorce petition quashed on the grounds that New York State does not recognize same-sex marriage.

In her ruling Drager said that New York does not recognize an out-of-state marriage in only two instances: if it is specifically named by the Legislature as prohibited or is abhorrent to New York public policy.

The written ruling noted that the Legislature has not specifically outlawed out-of-state same-sex marriages, and that the abhorrence exception is so narrow that it has been applied only to marriages involving polygamy or incest.

An attorney for M told the New York Post he will appeal.

The case will likely be decided by the New York Court of Appeals, the state's highest court in light of an appeal of a similar ruling this month by an appeals court in Rochester.

...."


For information about Massachusetts divorce and family law, see the divorce and family law page of my law firm website.

There's a new sheriff in town--thanks, Green Bag!

Thanks to the Green Bag, there's going to be a new rankings system to compete with the USNWR rankings. Various blogs (including mine, here) have mentioned Green Bag's new Deadwood Report: see Inside Higher Education and Brian Leiter, along with the original article in the Green Bag.

Here's what the Deadwood Report can do: it can focus on what law schools are doing now, rather than on some halo effect from what they did years ago; it can link claims of what schools say that they're doing with proof of what they are actually doing; it can force schools to acknowledge that they're basing claims of excellence on a few top performers rather than on a deep bench of strong players; and it can get us away from the damnable opinion-based rankings to a more transparent system based on verifiable data.

Are there going to be bugs in the system? Sure there are. But, as Dave Van Zandt has said for years, the reason that USNWR is so popular is that consumers crave any data at all. Now there's a competing system, and it's one that may have some teeth behind it. Bravo, Green Bag!

Legal academia's rookie combine

NFL Combine
First the Super Bowl, then the NFL combine. Mike Madison imagines how legal academia might emulate the drills by which National Football League scouts evaluate rookie talent:
Passionate followers of professional football know that the National Football League is just now concluding its annual “combine,” the camp where would-be draftees get timed, tested, and measured by pro scouts in anticipation of draft day. There are speed tests, jumping tests, “position specific events,” measurements, and the famous or infamous Wonderlic intelligence test. . . .

Brady at the combine
One of the goals of the NFL combine is to identify diamonds in the rough, fabulous athletes whose professional potential was obscured by a mediocre college team. Law school faculties, it is well-known, sometimes engage in the related practice of “best athlete” hiring. Schools that undertake “best athlete” searches aren’t looking for fill specific substantive needs, but are instead bound — if at all — only by the mandate that they hire raw talent.

In the spirit of this older post about a Fantasy Law School League, what would a law faculty combine look like? I mean the question both in its obvious semi-serious sense, but also in a MoneyLaw sense. . . . [W]hat tests should “best athlete” faculty candidates be made to run, who should run them, and where and when should they take place?
This is a fun parlor game, and there are at least two ways to play. The first is to run drills that emulate law school teaching and legal scholarship. The second is to imagine the types of skills that lead to superlative academic performance (however you choose to define that) and then to imagine tests that would test those skills.

Read the rest of this post . . . .Mike Madison's original post hints at ways to run industry-specific skills. In commentary to Mike's post, fellow Madisonian blogger Frank Pasquale, despite his "dislike [of] anything that makes the enterprise more “game-like,” offered these suggestions:
  • Construct a syllabus incorporating a new pedagogical technique. (note–interviewers could learn a lot from this, too!)

  • From Bowie to Thomas Kuhn: Assess whether your field is in a state of “normal science,” or needs to undergo a “paradigm shift.” If the former, how do your projects contribute to answering the key questions. If the latter, what new questions need to be asked?

  • Write a blog post about some news item from the past thirty days that shows how your work illuminates the issues raised in the news item.
I agree with Frank that "the Kuhn question is the key one because it highlights how different academia is from a game" and with Jeff Lipshaw that "much of life consists not in playing a particular game well, but figuring out what game you’re playing."

Lecturing professorFrank Pasquale's suggestions drive at the core of what it means to evaluate rookie talent in legal academia. We need people who can organize classes for the benefit of students, identify and perhaps even challenge conventional wisdom, and communicate in a variety of contexts. I confess, though, that my immediate reaction to Mike's original post contemplated an altogether different format for legal academia's rookie combine. I contemplated tests of pure, raw intelligence.

This is where my knowledge of football got in the way. The NFL combine consists of fourteen distinct drills:
  1. 40 yard dash
  2. Bench press
  3. Vertical jump
  4. Broad jump
  5. 3 cone drill
  6. 20 yard shuttle
  7. 60 yard shuttle
  8. Position specific drills
  9. Physical measurements
  10. NFL team interviews
  11. Wonderlic test (intelligence)
  12. Cybex test (flexibility)
  13. Injury evaluation
  14. Urine test
Relative to baseball's infamous 270-foot dash (yes, the one Billy Beane won the year he entered Major League Baseball's rookie draft), the NFL combine's drills come closer to measuring the skills that matter in that sport. Tests of speed, agility, strength, and intelligence dominate the combine.

Long ago I speculated about ways in which legal academia might assess the multiple intelligences of would-be rookie professors. I had in mind the work of Howard Gardner, author of Frames of Mind (1983) and Intelligence Reframed (1999). Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences identifies eight distinct dimensions of intelligence:
  • Linguistic
  • Logical-mathematical
  • Musical
  • Bodily-kinesthetic
  • Spatial
  • Interpersonal
  • Intrapersonal
  • Naturalist
CombineAt one level, Frank Pasquale's more logical interpretation of legal academia's rookie combine makes more sense. Identify the complex tasks we need to perform — akin, perhaps, to cut-blocking, bull-rushing, or route-running — and design tests that tests the full complex of skills. But Jeff Harrison has lamented, in ways I appreciate, that the usual tests of aptitude seem to yield a large number of legal academics who are neither intellectually interesting (as a static matter) nor intellectually curious enough (as a dynamic matter) to make better teachers and smarter colleagues of themselves.

So, I continue to wonder. When we evaluate rookie talent, should we do so on the basis of the applicants' ability to perform complex tasks approximating what veteran academics are expected to do? Or should we take aim at raw intelligence? In an ideal world, where neither football teams nor their scouts nor workers in less physically exhilarating enterprises are ever "on the clock," I suspect that we'd measure both.

The equalizer

Colt .45Does the word equalizer (semi)automatically conjure images of the Colt .45? Or does The Equalizer mean Edward Woodward playing Robert McCall, hero of the mean streets? Scott Greenfield makes a strong case that blogging is the real equalizer:
They say the Colt .45 was the Great Equalizer, but it doesn't hold a candle to the blawgosphere. We have lawyers and law professors, from the youngest to the oldest, the rookie to the very experienced, the person at the top of the food chain and the new-hire, all in the same space. . . .

Online, we all look the same. No one is black or white. No one is male or female. No one has a beautifully-made bespoke suit to dazzle all comers when contrasted with the pajama-clad home officer lawyer. Before the blawgosphere existed, there was little chance that a solo criminal defense lawyer would cross paths with the general counsel of Sun Micro. Other than having tables near each other at Bouley, we existed in different spheres. Today, we're cyberneighbors, and I can knock on his door anytime I please. He can ignore me, but at least I know where he lives. . . .

[T]his is a world where people spend far more effort getting along, learning from each other, engaging in communication, rather than trying to be a "show off" in a new venue. Who knows if the woman who just commented that she liked your post is the managing partner of some Biglaw firm, or general counsel of some major corporation. Online, we all look the same. The only thing that distinguished one from another is the content of our message.

Doing what comes naturally: Learning university administration on the job

Bruce BensonThe University of Colorado has named Bruce Benson as its president, and Stanley Fish's observations on this appointment are right on the money. A university "which dismissed controversial professor Ward Churchill because of doubts about his academic qualifications, has appointed a president who doesn’t have any."

Benson is an accomplished oilman and an active Republican. But "his highest degree is a B.A., and he has never been a member of a faculty or engaged in research or published papers in a learned journal." This avowed nonacademic is poised to take the helm of "a state university ranked 11th among public universities and 34th among universities overall."

Fish correctly observes that "the political and financial profile of an administrative candidate are . . . relevant because what you want him or her to do is not produce scholarship or teach inspiring classes . . . but interact successfully with a number of external constituencies including regents, legislators, governors, the press and donors." Academic administration isn't purely academic, and searches to fill presidencies and deanships shouldn't be purely academic.

Read the rest of this post . . . .Fish is right to criticize those who would stress either academia or administration to the exclusion of the other. Those who emphasize only teaching and scholarship "forget[] that executive leadership requires skills most faculty members neither possess nor appreciate."

CU BoulderBy the same token, "those who dismiss the importance of academic skills" mistakenly assume that managerial acumen is freely transferable from business to academia, that "[s]omeone who can manage an oil company will be able to manage the enterprise of a university." As Fish observes, "in the academy there is no product except knowledge," and concepts such as market share, efficiency, and inventory yield in favor of "endless deliberations, explorations that may go nowhere, problems that only five people in the world even understand, lifetime employment that is not taken away even when nothing is achieved, expensively labor-intensive practices and no bottom line."

Nonacademic law school deans are hardly an anomaly. I work at a school that was led, not that long ago and for nearly a decade, by a judge with no prior academic experience, and a law firm partner to whom I once answered currently sits as dean of another law school. I wonder whether it's easier for a judge, a law firm partner, or a prosecutor to learn the arcane ways of academia or, by contrast, for a professor to set aside academic tools and norms for the dark art of management. Others can speak about the transition from the bench or the corner office to the dean's suite. I do know that it is challenging but exhilarating to infuse managerial and (most of all) entrepreneurial responsibilities into the strictly academic calling of a law school professor. There is a portmanteau expression for this blend of management, law, and the intellectual life: MoneyLaw.

All that is fodder for future posts. In the meanwhile, let's complete our brief examination of Bruce Benson's designation as president of the University of Colorado. Michael Carrigan, one of the three CU regents who voted against Benson, squarely identified the greatest weakness in Colorado's choice: “I can’t believe that there are no candidates out there with both business acumen and academic credentials.” Fish's endorsement of Carrigan's observation rings true: "Those candidates were out there and they still are. Perhaps the next university tempted to go this route will take the trouble to look for them."

Advice for New Assistant Professors

This may come from a sociology academic blog (Scatterplot), but I think the tips offered by "Olderwoman" are very instructive for new professors of any discipline. I am excerpting the ledes from the first five tips, but do go to the link above for the entire post--and the very good comments:

1) Don’t take anything personally, especially not at first. People will probably treat you as insignificant, not because they think ill of you, but because they are socially inept.

2) Help integrate yourself. Even if you are normally more productive writing at home, work in the office a lot during the first year. Make a point of loitering in the hall when it is near lunch time, so people will notice you and think of asking you along to lunch.

3) Your best friends are likely to be the other assistant professors, but do not avoid the senior people. Treat them with friendly respect.

4) Do NOT attempt to reform ANYTHING for at least a year, preferably two. No matter how stupid the curriculum or other things seem, leave them alone until you have been there long enough to know why they are there and whose interests are at stake. Similarly, try to avoid being drawn into factional disputes.

5) Make sure you understand as soon as possible what kind of institution you are at and what it takes to get tenure. At a research university, remember that it is publishing that will get you tenure.

Faust's midlife crisis

Méphistophélès apparaissant à Faust
Eugène Delacroix, Méphistophélès apparaissant à Faust (1827)

Feeling all four or five or six of your decades? Ready to sell your soul, or at least to hear the terms you might be offered? Gut! Die Seelenmarkt ist Tag und Nacht geöffnet und wartet geduldig auf Dich. Aus Faust: Der Tragödie, Erster Teil, mit englischer Übersetzung durch den Hauptverfasser dieser Webseite:

In jedem Kleide werd ich wohl die Pein
Des engen Erdelebens fühlen.
Ich bin zu alt, um nur zu spielen,
Zu jung, um ohne Wunsch zu sein.
Was kann die Welt mir wohl gewähren?
Entbehren sollst du! sollst entbehren!
Das ist der ewige Gesang,
Der jedem an die Ohren klingt,
Den, unser ganzes Leben lang,
Uns heiser jede Stunde singt.
No cloak I wear will mask the pain
As rules and walls constrict my life.
I'm way too old to play all day,
Too young to wash dreams down the drain.
What in this world is worth the strife?
"Renounce, I say, renounce away!"
This is the song, the grim refrain
Each passing day drums in my ears
And stultifying memory sears
Upon my bruised and beaten brain.

Sometimes They Make Your Point For You

Previously I posted a MoneyLaw approach to brief writing that my firm uses with success. Scott Greenfield took issue with my position and wrote a Conanesque response. Lacking authority or a Moneylaw thesis, Greenfield went with hyperbole: he claims never to have practiced in a world with smart, unbiased judges, and maintains that the judge will laugh at you if you submit an understated, even-keeled brief. Stripping the hyperbole from his post, it seems that Mr. Greenfield's only substantive statement is the last sentence of his post: "In my world, you figure out what will be persuasive to your particular judge and then make it happen."

As Orin Kerr showed (12/11/07 at 4:35 p.m.), Mr. Greenfield tends to cap his rhetoric by self-declaring reality and fantasy worlds. As Professor Kerr pointed out, that's a dangerous road to be on.

My post cautioned against writing where you demand an emotional investment from the judge. I refer to this type of writing as the Conan brief; Bryan Garner calls it being a Rambo Writer; Steven D. Stark calls it the Bobby Knight-Stone Cold Steve Austin School of Written Advocacy. Whatever you call it, in my experience this style of writing is not nearly as persuasive as it is fun to write. You know my view; let's examine what the authorities say about such tactics as "yelling bad words at the other side, especially the lying, scheming rats who lie and scheme":

Read the rest of this post . . . .Why to Avoid the Tools of the Conan Brief

Stark warns about the effect hyperbole has on your reader: "the only conclusion most readers draw is that these writers are as egomaniacal as they seem." Writing to Win at 39. "Able litigators make clear arguments quietly, in contrast to the typical litigator, who screams out an analysis in a way likely to be ignored." Id. at 124.

In The Winning Brief, Garner offers a number of helpful quotes:

"When you overstate, the reader will be instantly on guard, and everything that has preceded your overstatement as well as everything that follows it will be suspect in his mind because he has lost confidence in your judgment or your pose." The Elements of Style.

"Understatement will serve you far better [than hyperbole]. If you establish a reputation for understatement, judges will consider your contentions carefully even if they appear erroneous on first blush." Harold G. Christensen

"The seasoned advocate accordingly reins in any emotions, so that he or she can concentrate on the factual, legal and equitable issues. The advocate knows that an argument in court is not an occasion for anger, like a squabble among bad-tempered relatives." Girvan Peck

"I like, to the point of being unduly swayed by, a brief that contains not one pejorative adjective or innuendo concerning one's opponent or the trial judge." The Honorable Frank M. Coffin

"But you don't want to be the street corner huckster, you want to be the guide your reader can trust. So be careful about every sentence you write. Understate rather than overstate. Better yet, don't evaluate at all. Let your reader do it for you." James McElhaney

Or you may prefer the Litigation Manual Pretrial, edited by The Honorable John G. Koeltl and John S. Kiernan, which states: "In fact, the judge's usual reaction to such 'jury argument' is to be professionally offended." Id. at 110. "If the judge has the idea you are asking for an emotional response, he may conclude that you are admitting that you cannot persuade him intellectually." Id.

Jennifer S. Carroll argues against making emotional jury arguments to judges in an article on appellate advocacy. She quotes former Florida Supreme Court Justice Leander Shaw. He describes emotional argument as "very unimpressive" and "the advocate loses credibility immediately."

Basically, if you stick with the Conan brief, your reader will most often have this reaction, which does not help your client:



A smarmy response might be "these are just the opinions of some pointy-headed academics." But keep Orin's words in mind, "it shows the dangers of characterizing disagreement as a contest between 'reality' and an ivory-tower 'fantasy world'; that kind of overblown rhetoric is fun to write, but it seems a bit silly if the ivory tower ends up being right." Besides, these are legal writing experts citing respected litigants and judges.

My thesis — and the reason I chose "MoneyLawyer" as a moniker (not merely as a catchy name, Mr. Greenfield) is that I think we can analyze law practice like Billy Beane analyzed baseball. I suspect there are lawyers, and types of law practice, that are systematically undervalued by the market. I also suspect that professionalism is systematically undervalued. (More on why this might be so, and how one might start gathering the stats needed to validate or invalidate this hypothesis, are for future posts.)

Maybe one can't escape Conan in criminal practice. That is one difference between me and Mr. Greenfield; I am a civil litigator. (I would suspect, however, that non-Conan criminal lawyers might be some of the ones systematically undervalued by the market.) From what I have seen, Conan tactics come from an entrenched subjective belief of advocacy. Loud, obnoxious lawyers with megaphones believe they become more convincing the louder and more emotional they yell. That is the whole point of my MoneyLaw thesis — I am not interested in others' entrenched subjective views of advocacy. I am interested in identifying the tools that will most help me persuade the judge.

At any rate, I think Mr. Greenfield's ham-handed broadside actually proves my point. I know I wasn't convinced.

[Full disclosure: I have nothing against Conan the Cimmerian; the once and future King of Aquilonia is one of my heroes. I would also agree with Mr. Greenfield that it is fun to crush your enemies and to see them driven before you. I just think my way works better.]

Fairness for Fathers -The Boston Globe Weighs In, But Doesn't Really Get It

The Boston Globe yesterday opined on the shared parenting bill, introduced by State House Representative Colleen Garry, a Dracut Democrat, and cosponsored by about 50 other legislators, including many of the legislature's most thoughtful and courageous members, as well as the progressive Fathers & Families organization. In A fair role for fathers - The Boston Globe, the Boston Globe paternalistically (or should I say "maternalistically"?) condescended to admit that the idea of shared parenting is appealing, even while it predictably rejected the idea without any convincing explanation or any alternative proposals for reform.

I myself believe that, short of other, more comprehensive reforms that would make the family court fairer to children, the shared parenting presumption proposed in this bill makes a lot of sense. Some of the reforms I would prefer to see include mandatory evidentiary hearings at the temporary orders hearing stage of all divorce and family law proceedings where physical custody is in contention, and other reforms designed to force judges actually to hear facts, presented as evidence in court, rather than to make conclusions based on short motion hearings, followed by delegation of investigatory authority to guardians ad litem, who are very often incompetent, biased, or both, after which the temporary orders often become permanent orders, without regard to what would truly be in the best interests of the children. Also, I would like to see standards raised for judges, greater accountability for judges, for judicial pay to be raised, and many other badly needed reforms to make the judicial process more competent, fair and efficient.

We need facts, and custody cases should be fact-driven, and decided on a case-by-case basis, and should not be prejudiced by procedural obstacles to having those important facts presented in court. It is interesting that the Boston Globe argument actually seems to make just this point, but in doing so quotes the very knowledgeable Professor Kindregan, with whom I usually agree, in an attempt to discredit the shared parenting initiative and to defend the status quo:

Charles Kindregan, a law professor at Suffolk University, soundly argues that a presumption of joint legal and physical custody could handcuff judges who should be free to consider the best interests of children on a case-by-case basis. "You don't need a presumption when you have facts," Kindregan says. The relevant facts include children's age, temperament, emotional development, and medical needs, as well as how parents get along and how far apart parents live from each other.
Amen. Well, of course we need facts. I agree you don't need a presumption when you have facts. That's why I think we should hear the facts immediately. Without facts, there will be presumptions or assumptions that govern behavior, whether written into the law or not, and these presumptions or assumptions will lead to "temporary" custody orders that are hard to change. The problem is the current system generally presents obstacles and long delays for those who would benefit in the early presentation of those facts.

That's why there should be immediate evidentiary hearings in court when custody is in dispute, not 15-minute temporary orders hearings where no evidence is heard, but failing that, there should be no premature award of custody to one of the two parties until the facts are presented. When a couple is married, they both have custody by operation of law. It is not clear why that should so quickly be taken away from one party, right at the point of the marital split, as it so often is, before any evidentiary hearing, or trial, takes place.

Actually, the shared parenting bill aims to do much the same thing as would my proposal for more - and earlier - fact-finding, evidentiary hearings, by requiring that the court actually hear evidence and enter findings before giving sole physical custody to just one of the two parents.

Unless and until we can get the greater, more comprehensive reforms I favor, I think shared parenting presumptions, or at the very least some change in the direction of more enlightened states, such as California, and even New Hampshire, which have progressively reformed their family law language and procedure, should be implemented. I support this bill just as I have long supported affirmative action for minorities, and gay and lesbian rights, and for similar reasons: there is irrational discrimination and it needs to be remedied. We need a push in the right direction. We needed a push in the civil rights arena, and we got it with civil rights legislation and affirmative action. We needed a push for gay and lesbian couples and the Supreme Judicial Court gave us one.

Let's face it. If decisions have to be made without the presentation of facts, presented by witnesses under oath, under cross examination, "temporary" custody decisions will necessarily be made based on less reliable things, including self-serving he-said, she-said allegations in short motion hearings by attorneys about what the facts will supposedly show at trial. In such cases, there will always be presumptions or assumptions. The question then becomes: What kind of presumptions or assumptions do we want to have?

Indeed, in the absence of such a presumption of joint physical custody, or shared parenting, we will continue to have the unstated, actual presumption or assumption that favors the illusory status quo, that unstated assumption that purports to keep things as closely consistent with how they appeared to have been before the splitup by keeping things as they appear to be now, i.e. the children would remain as they happen to have been placed through the chaotic, anarchic process of domestic splitups, which far too often leave the children under the sole control of the mother. Of course, often the children happen to be with the mother during this anarchic process because the mother is and was in fact the primary caregiver and the more active parent; however, when that is true, the mother should not suffer on account of a requirement that the court actually look at the facts and make findings before awarding custody to her alone. (Indeed it should help her to fend off, very early in the litigation process, any frivolous claims for custody.)

Yes, now we need a push in the family law arena that we can accomplish through a change in the language and attitude of family law. Such a change would help people, including our decision makers, to see the light and stop discriminating in the inadvertent, unthinking way they often do. But the dilemma, I'm afraid, is that we may in fact need more people to see the light before any changes will be made. There are several facts that a majority of voters will probably need to acknowledge before any real reform will happen, and to do so, they will have to open their minds and overcome their predilection to side unthinkingly with the politically correct:

1) Most judges are, like all of us, stuck in the past, and limited by their own experiences growing up in a more conservative, traditional world, in which mothers were presumed to be the better caregivers. But as the saying goes, the more things change the more they stay the same. Although judges are getting better and better about acknowledging the expanded role of fathers in children's lives and in entertaining the possibility of shared or even sole physical custody for fathers, they are still, like most of us, stuck in the past, and are, like all of us inclined to decide based on their hunches, biases, and their limited life experiences, when they don't actually see all the facts.
2) Mothers are not necessarily better caregivers, and many fathers are far better caregivers than the mothers.
3) It is very hard, and it takes a long time if it ever even happens, to have the facts presented in court in custody cases. Usually witnesses and evidence are not ever presented, as by the time the parties can proceed to trial, the result is already a forgone conclusion, based on the precedent set by temporary orders and preliminary custody determinations and agreements made without the benefit of any evidentiary hearings on the matter.
4) A mother is more likely to get custody, even in situations where the father is the better parent and the children would be better off with him. All other things being equal (such as access to financial resources to fight, ability to parent the children, level and degree of parenting involvement with the children), mothers have an unequal advantage, and are in a much superior bargaining position in custody disputes.
5) The family court procedure gives advantage to the person with present control over the children, and gives the mother easier means of securing that kind of control, including but not limited to the ready availability of restraining orders, which can be, and often are, easily brought and obtained through fraudulent, false allegations. Securing this kind of control of the children through manipulation or fraud is much more available at present to women than to men, and there are many ways in which the current domestic violence system is very discriminatory toward men.
6) It is usually, but not always, true that mothers are the more involved of a child's two parents in traditional relationships, as that has historically been the case. But even in those typical situations, it is not always true that children are better off having one parent have the children 70 percent or more of the time after their parents split up. Most children will benefit from having time with both parents on schooldays and on weekends, no matter what the division of labor was in the family before their parents split.
7) Fathers had unfair advantages in custody cases, until the "tender years doctrine" and restraining orders gave the upper hand to women in this country in custody battles. The subsequent replacement of the "tender years doctrine" with the "best interests of the child" standard has not resulted in evening the scales of justice. Mothers and women generally still are strongly favored in many ways by the law itself, even though it generally appears on its face to be gender-neutral now, and are favored even more so in the way that law is implemented in family courts in this state.

I have hope as I see some improvement in the attitudes and wisdom of members of the family law community, and I feel very encouraged by the success of organizations like Fathers & Families. However, I really strongly believe that we should do our best to effect the best interests of children in every case, and unfortunately, the best interests of the children are actually not being served in many, many cases. Frankly, and to put it bluntly, too many children are being placed with their mother when they should instead be placed with their father, and even more children are being placed solely with their mother when they should instead be placed with both parents in a shared parenting arrangement. Although I would prefer more comprehensive reforms, as I have indicated, I certainly believe this proposed shared parenting law would help us to achieve the best interests of many more children than we now do.

Over the years, as I have practiced family law in Eastern Massachusetts, representing both women and men, in every kind of situation - mothers with sole physical custody, fathers with sole physical custody, and both mothers and fathers with joint physical custody - I have watched this state adopt progressive reforms benefiting gay and lesbian couples, while simultaneously failing to make equivalent progress, and real justice, for the vastly greater number of children, mothers, and fathers who come from "traditional" homes with a father and a mother.

Massachusetts is my adopted, not my home, state. I have often been attracted by the progressive spirit of this state, but perplexed often by its seemingly contradictory, traditional, conservative, even reactionary forces. I find in the family law field that this contradictory nature, this strange blend of progressive and regressive forces, may be responsible for the strange alliance and synergy I have witnessed between traditionalists - and I mean in fact "paternalistic" traditionalists - and radical feminist ideologues who have demonized men, often without any sense of reality. It is in part this strange combination of forces, and distorted ideas, that has led to the inequality so obvious in family court today.

Of course, there are many people who are, and will continue to be, in denial about these basic facts. There are actually even some women's groups who claim they are still discriminated against in family court. It wasn't that long ago that they were, but now it is men who are discriminated against in family court. However, real gender equality, like Cathy Young has advocated, is what we need, and it will require all of us, not least of us opinion makers such as the Boston Globe, to understand and acknowledge reality, both that of the workplace and that of the home. Until then, we will continue to watch real progress on this front take place in other states like neighboring New Hampshire.

But why, I wonder, can't we have feminism, fathers rights and gay rights all at once? They are not mutually exclusive. We have the potential to be the best state in the nation, in terms of equality, tolerance and acceptance in our family and social life. I mean, can't we all just get along? Am I just a crazy dreamer?

For information about Massachusetts divorce and family law, see the divorce and family law page of my law firm website.

More Massachusetts Legal Blogs

Thanks to Doug Cornelius of the Real Estate Space Blog for providing a rather long list of Massachusetts Blawgs, much longer than the one I recently posted here. His list includes lots of blogs I have not yet read, but which I will certainly try to explore soon.

For information about Massachusetts divorce and family law, see the divorce and family law page of my law firm website.

Arizona Republicans, Drug Abuse, and Hypocrisy

QUESTION: What do John McCain and the late former Chief Judge William Rehnquist have in common besides that they were both Republican political hacks from Arizona? (Oh, did you think Rehnquist was just our former Supreme Court Chief? Well, he had a not-so-well-known role as a Republican hack challenging Hispanic and African-American Democratic voters in Phoenix, long before he became the Republican Hack-in-Chief of the US Supreme Court. For more background on Rehnquist, see Alan Dershowitz: Telling the Truth About Chief Justice Rehnquist - The Huffington Post.)

ANSWER: These two Republican politicians have both been drug abuse hypocrites.

Attorney and psychologist Stanton Peele wrote the following piece for the LA Times, back in 2000 when McCain was running for president against the convicted drunk driver from Texas: McCain's Double Standard: Hawk In The Drug War, Yet His Wife Got No Penalty. Here's the opening of that article:

"Much has been made of allegations of possible youthful use of illegal drugs by Republican presidential candidate George W. Bush. Meanwhile, his chief GOP opponent, Arizona Sen. John McCain, has admitted that his wife not only illegally used drugs but walked away from criminal charges. The McCains have worked to make Cindy McCain's addiction into a political asset--despite the fact that she stole the drugs from a charity she directed and used them while mothering four young children."
And as for Rehnquist, see the following: Chief Justice Rehnquist's drug habit. - By Jack Shafer - Slate Magazine. One would think Rehnquist's own drug addiction would have led him to have the slightest sympathy for criminal defendants over whom he sat in judgment, but one would be wrong.

Perhaps it is naive to think the War on Drugs should ever affect drug abusers in power.

Federal Judges in Massachusetts Are Releasing Crack Offenders After Sentences Were Retroactively Reduced

As reported a few days ago in the Boston Globe, federal judges in Massachusetts are now releasing several prison inmates pursuant to the federal government's retroactive reduction in sentences for crack offenders. If you read this Boston Globe article, you should know that the newspaper yesterday issued a correction to point out that its headline and first paragraph inaccurately stated that the total number of prisoners affected could be 30, when the real number likely to be affected is actually at least 91, as later indicated in the article itself.

For more on the story of sentence reductions for crack offenders, see my last post on this subject here.

For information about Massachusetts criminal law (not federal) see the criminal defense page of my law firm website.

US Petitions NH Supreme Court to Intervene in Writ of Habeas Corpus

In an ironic twist, the United States Attorney has petitioned the New Hampshire Supreme Court to allow the US to intervene in Danny's pending Writ of Habeas Corpus, arguing that the NH Supreme Court has no jurisdiction and the matter should be removed to the Federal District Court.

State Court, Petition of the USA to Intervene

State Court, Respondents Answer to Petition of the USA to Intervene

State Court, Objection to US Petition to Intervene

For updates on Danny please visit Daniel J. Riley Legal Defense Blog

Naked I came into the world

At the intersection of two posts, Julius Caesar was wrong and The lawful responsibility of time, lies the opening to the fictional journal of Cass Mastern, the spiritual gravity of center in Robert Penn Warren, All the King's Men (1946):

North GeorgiaI was born in a log cabin in north Georgia, in circumstances of poverty, and if in later years I have lain soft and supped from silver, may the Lord not let die in my heart the knowledge of frost and of coarse diet. for all men come naked into the world, and in prosperity "man is prone to evil as the sparks fly upward."


Photo: Creek near Ellijay, Georgia

Supreme Court to Hear QDRO Case

The US Supreme Court has accepted a case involving a question regarding Qualified Domestic Relations Orders (QDROs). In the case from the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, the Supreme Court granted cert on the following question only: "Was the Fifth Circuit correct in concluding that ERISA’s Qualified Domestic Relations Order provision, 29 U.S.C. § 1056(d)(3)(B)(i), is the only valid way a divorcing spouse can waive her right to receive her ex-husband’s pension benefits under ERISA?"

For more information, see the SCOTUS Blog's story here, the Boston ERISA and Insurance Litigation Blog's post here and the Iowa Divorce and Family Law Blog's post here.

For information about Massachusetts divorce and family law, see the divorce and family law page of my law firm website.

Punditry In A Perfect World

One of the things that blawgers (myself excepted, of course) like to do is give broad advice to others about how to be the best lawyer you can be. Yes, it can be a bit pedantic, but if you can't be pedantic on a blawg, where can you be?

Since I want to be the best lawyer possible too, I paid close attention to the newest addition to the MoneyLaw crew, who likes to call himself "MoneyLawyer." I know, catchy name, right?

Full disclosure: After begging and pleading with Jim Chen, he's agreed to let me sneak in every once in a while to post something over at MoneyLaw just to add some comic relief, plus bring in the low-brow crowd that would otherwise be out drinking beer and munching on hard-boiled eggs.

Now I wish I had some more info to share about MoneyLawyer, because I really want to know where he practices. Clearly, it's nowhere I've ever been, because he posts about how to win with judges who are smart, unbiased and interested.
Many lawyers mistakenly structure their arguments so that they demand an emotional investment from judges. Their arguments ask the judge to cheer for them, to grant the relief because the judge wants to grant it. Their prose is emotionally charged, laced with opinions about the facts and attacks on the other side's reasoning. It conjures images of Conan smiting his enemies with a broad sword. This is a bad way to convince a judge who is charged to remain impartial. Many judges interpret this type of writing as overcompensation for a weak legal position. I have read a lot of Conan briefs, but I have yet to see one obtain the relief it requested.
How he got an old picture of me is anyone's guess.

MoneyLawyer explains that while judges view the "Conan Brief" as a loser, an epistle of weakness and clarion call of vapidity, clients love them. I can't disagree with that point. My clients derive great pleasure from yelling bad words at the other side, especially the lying, scheming rats who lie and scheme. But if we can't go for the emotional investment, whats left?
The client is best served with an understated approach, which takes more skill and intelligence than writing a Conan brief. Understated does not mean boring; it means giving the judge what she needs to make her decision without making an emotional investment. If written properly, this style of writing is much more interesting for the judge because she does not have to waste time filtering out the Conan elements.
Is it much more interesting? That's hard to say, since you'd have to wait for the judge to stop laughing before you would get a straight answer.

Fishnet stockingsIt's not that I disagree with much of what MoneyLawyer suggests. Good legal writing is good legal writing, and persuasive is persuasive. But where I live, the idea that judges are above mere mortals is sheer fantasy. It's not that there aren't smart judges (there are) or fair judges (there are) or judges who wear a black cocktail dress and fish net stockings under their robes (I'm speculating on this one), but that all the judges I know are real people with typical foibles.

No doubt I'll get the standard handful of emails after this post telling me (again) that I'm despoiling the image of lawyers as dignified professionals by letting our little secrets out to an otherwise ignorant public, but who cares. If you're going to hold yourself out as having the answer, then the least you can do is have the right question. If you live in a world of perfect judges, then MoneyLaw's disdain for the Conan Brief is the perfect solution. In my world, you figure out what will be persuasive to your particular judge and then make it happen.

Editor's note: This piece is cross-posted at Simple Justice.

Work and Identity

No one is their job, you say. People are more than the sum of their professions. What a limited view of humanity. Blah blah blah. This is certainly true. But then why do people introduce themselves as their professional roles? "Hi, I'm a doctor." "I'm a lawyer." "I'm a teacher." Etc., etc.

I was thinking about this last night. While I can take a joke (kind of), there's an upper limit to how much can be joshed at before I get defensive and really wonder "is this what you think of what I do?" mainly because it translates to the next psycho question, "is this really what you think of me?"

Read the rest of this post . . . .It is not especial to my field. I can imagine saying "all of medicine is quackery, and doctors are merely snake oil merchants seeking to pad their wallets by tending to the imagined pains of the delicate bourgeoisie" and really offending doctors who see their mission as noble--in addition to remunerative, and what is wrong with that? Many lawyers get the brunt of the professional denigration, but many of them also see their role as more than merely being corruptible hired guns--they do fill a need in our system of adversarial adjudication, and many who work in the public sector and in public interest law see their calling as noble indeed.

So let us turn to my third example: the academic. I really do see the work in my field as important, even if I don't exaggerate the transformative effect it will have on policy (and often it does have an effect, even if my particular contribution might not). But my work interests me, and I think the ideas are important, even if they are just "ideas." Theory isn't totally empty. The distinction between sex and gender is one that is still discussed in so many a seminar because the boundaries are constantly being redrawn and fought over in law and policy: what is essential to the definition of each, is gender merely socially constructed, and when do biological differences translate approriately into different gender roles? Is a policy disallowing female fire fighters rational and legal if based on biological differences of strength and height, which correlates with gender? What is discrimination on the basis of sex if we cannot define what sex is--is sex biology, or is sex the social construction of gender? What are the boundaries of race, and to what extent can we use the law to define the contours of race in terms of anti-discrimination law? What is a disability? Etc. etc. The theories matter, because they affect policy and legislation. The social science work matters, because they demonstrate empirically what happens to these protected categories in the absence or presence of discrimination and regulation.

This is not a petulant, foot-stomping defense of myself--"My work is important! My existence is not meaningless!" I think that the impact of my work is whatever it will be--but it is a part of a larger corpus of work that does matter. There's a lot of interesting, theoretical and empirical scholarship out now on defining "work"--what counts as work for the purposes of AFDC, how many hours and dollars does being a homemaker translate to such that we no longer think of stay-at-home-parents (SAHP) as "not working" and value their contributions to their family and the economy. No matter what you do, your work is important to someone. At the very least yourself, and very definitely to your family and the people in your life. Your work helps you contribute to your family, and your work also takes you away from your family. Your work isn't the only thing that defines you, but it certainly defines your day and life.

SAHP work too, although their contributions are often undervalued, as if they spent all day doing "nothing." Academics, for however flexible their schedules may be, often pull 80 hour weeks, with all of the committee meetings, advising of grad students, review of other papers, teaching, prepping to teach (one hour of lecture takes up to 2-3 hours of prep, at least), grading, and then the actual grunt of being a scholar--research and writing. Even if I can take a break in the afternoon to run, grocery shop, or cook, I'm often working the rest of the day and most nights. I work weekends. I seem to be barely digging myself out of a hole, and the work I do on Tuesday could always be done on Wednesday or Sunday as it is ongoing work (unless there is a deadline, which there is only periodically), but it is still something in my calendar, and always in the back of my mind. And yes, I think it is noble work.

Work defines my day, and it defines my life. Plenty of other stuff does too--I am defined by my social relationships: daughter, sister, friend, student, teacher, partner. It is hard to imagine these other definitions being mocked in a way that would really bother me or reach to the core of my identity, mainly because it is not easy or funny to mock them. And we should all have a sense of humor about ourselves, and not take ourselves too seriously. But it's an odd thing: work is so serious, and it is the cumulation of so many years of acquring human capital and it took so much work to get to the work, that it is one of the last boundaries of identity. We are daughters and sisters long before we are whatever job we end up being. And sure, we were made fun of when we were little, for "acting like a girl" or "throwing like one," but when we have worked so hard to achieve some measure of professoinal success, such that we demand to be taken seriously, it is hard to have a sense of humor about statements that seem to diminish our efforts or chosen profession.

This is partly why I don't comment on others' jobs. There's some interesting sociological studies that show, contrary to whatever you might think in your faux-populist elitism, that mine workers take pride in their work, and work really hard at being good at their job. In the most back-breaking, menial work with the lowest pay, people work hard and take pride in their work, and define themselves partly by what they do and how well they do it. Whenever I meet a SAHP, I don't pull a Caitlin Flanagan and say "oh really, that's all you do?" Because that would be a terrible thing to say. Having worked in daycare and having taken care of children full time, I remark on what a difficult job that is, and congratulate him/her for that. Just like I don't do that "oh really" whenever I meet someone who does ______. Because that is a mean thing to do, and I cannot imagine a context in which that is appropriate, even if in jest. Too much of a person's identity is bound in their work, and yet not solely defined by it. I cannot imagine deriding or devaluing a person for their level of education, the institutions at which they received their education, or the job that they have chosen to define their days by. I don't even do this when I learn that people have worked for evil corporations--because while work might define some aspect of their identity, it does not necessarily remark on all aspects of their moral character. Work defines, but it is not the definition. Most people can handle being joshed at for their less defensible choices (say, consumerist habits or affected mannerisms), but their work is one that they actually want to defend.

I should really write a paper on theories of work and identity and how they are bound by gender, class, and race--and citizenship.

Hire no one

I am very flattered that Paul Horwitz thinks that I would have written Microcosmographia Academica if only I "traveled back in time and space to England in 1908." Thanks to Paul, the entire legal academy now knows that it can now read F.M. Cornford's satire, free of charge, at sites in Kent and in Kentucky. Already other commentators are making use of the Microcosmographia. So will I.

Consider what Cornford called The Principle of the Dangerous Precedent:
The Shunning
Tony Dickson, The Shunning (n.d.). Oil on canvas, 840mm x 710mm
[Y]ou should not now do an admittedly right action for fear you, or your equally timid successors, should not have the courage to do right in some future case, which, ex hypothesi, is essentially different, but superficially resembles the present one. Every public action which is not customary, either is wrong, or, if it is right, is a dangerous precedent. It follows that nothing should ever be done for the first time.
Standing guardFor law faculties that seek, above all else, to protect the sanctity of the rules and norms by which their current members secured admission, so long ago, to the sacred and secret brotherhood, The Principle of the Dangerous Precedent has an important corollary: The Rule Against Hiring. This rule has two variations, both of which lead to the same conclusion — Hire No One:
  1. Hire no one who makes any of us look bad: You should never hire an admittedly worthy colleague for fear that she or he might might outperform you, or your equally mediocre colleagues. Every new colleague has the potential to disgrace the old guard. The only eventual course of actions are these: either to deny tenure and thereby to invite negative gossip, or else to allow the upstart to embarrass us incumbents. It follows that this faculty should never hire anyone.

  2. Why belong to a club that would have you as a member? To avoid hiring an admittedly worthy colleague, you need only ask whether other schools have extended her or him an offer. If other schools have, and they are deemed superior to your own, you may now persuade your colleagues that the extension of an offer effectively invites scorn, for surely the candidate will prefer to go elsewhere. If existing offers come from putatively inferior schools, that is a sign of the candidate's unworthiness, and you are now free to vote "no." And by no means be the first school to extend an offer of employment. If no else offers a job, you'll look desperate or stupid or both. To avoid any of these awful fates, this faculty should never extend an offer of tenured or tenure-track employment.
As you ponder Microcosmographia Academica and all blog posts making use of this century-old satire, remember: Microcosmographia Academica isn't real, and neither are rules based on a projection of academia as Cornford saw it in 1908 onto academia as we experience today. Surely no one, no one in legal academia would vote on appointments-related matters according to either of the variations on that simple theme, Hire no one.

Mothers, Fathers, Families & Gender Issue Blogs

Following up on my recent post, in which I recommended two very different blogs, one from fathers and the other from feminists, I now want to supplement that post by listing several other blogs that are contributing, in their own particular way, to the dialogue we should be having on gender issues - issues that should be of concern to anyone in the family law field, and, for that matter, anyone who cares about our social and family life.

These blogs are quite different from one another, so much so that it is unlikely they will ever appear together on any other list. And even though I often disagree with specific things they say, I find that generally they all do a better job than most commentators in contributing thoughtful, provocative posts that really try to tackle these important issues head on. Of course I do find much with which to agree in each of these blogs, and I highly recommend them all:

Family Scholars Blog
Fathers & Families Blog
Feminist Law Professors Blog
Feministing
GLAD Blog
Glenn Sacks Blog


For information about Massachusetts divorce and family law, see the divorce and family law page of my law firm website.

Job opportunities at the University of Louisville

UofL LawThe University of Louisville School of Law anticipates hiring visiting professors, both entry-level and experienced, for the 2008-09 academic year. We also anticipate hiring one or more visiting professors of legal writing; again, entry-level and experienced professors are invited to apply. Finally, we invite applications for the Petrilli Distinguished Visiting Professorship for the 2008-09 academic year. Our curricular needs include (but are not limited to) civil procedure, legal writing, commercial law, intellectual property law, environmental law, and other subjects.

Inquiries and applications should be directed to:
Timothy S. Hall
Associate Dean for Academic Affairs
University of Louisville
Louis D. Brandeis School of Law

2301 South Third Street
Louisville, KY 40292

(502) 852-6361
hallt@louisville.edu

Word, ugh. What is it good for?

Bill Gates tests WordNatasha Henstridge

Betsy McKenzie has provided the world of legal blogging a fantastic service: she has compiled a definitive list of websites trashing Microsoft Word. Bill Gates's word processor probably delivers more anger in our verbally intense profession than any other computer application. Once upon a time I named the now-extinct Ms. Dewey "Microsoft's worst product ever." Check that. Ms. Dewey is dead; Word lingers on.

Practical tip: If you simply must write blog posts in Word, even though Blogger, TypePad, and WordPress all provide WYSIWYG composers, do your readers a huge favor by flushing your content through Notepad.exe. (1) Cut your entire post out of Word, (2) paste it in Notepad, (3) copy out of Notepad, (4) then paste in your blogging software. Complicated? Yes. That's why you should compose with your blogging software in the first place.

Google's advice? "[T]he most common cause of feed problems is the content that you post. A lot of folks like to use Microsoft Word . . . to write up their blog posts. When they do, sometimes these word processors can sneak in characters that are very difficult to render in XML." And more advice: "[U]sing word processing applications to compose blog posts can lead to unexpected results . . . . We recommend that you compose new posts in a text editor recommended or provided by your blog platform publisher only."
We bloggers have additional reason to hate Word. Blog posts or (God forbid) key snippets of HTML or Javascript used to enhance blog posts and templates, if composed or filtered through Microsoft Word, will acquire all sorts of deviant code. It looks vaguely like [o:p] — I dare not render it precisely, even by way of demonstration, because of this five-character string's potential to wreak technological havoc. If you're lucky, the Word-contaminated post won't render in your blogging platform's preview function, and you know better than to mash the "publish" button. If you're unlucky, it looks good enough on your screen, and your decision to publish then destroys a bunch of RSS feeds and XML scripts that power other people's blogs and websites.

XML, by the way, is to HTML as messenger RNA is to DNA. The engine beneath the beautiful world of Web 2.0, extensible markup language is our friend. Microsoft Word is not. Deviant coding turns Word into the Natasha Henstridge of software. Who is Natasha Henstridge? You can be forgiven for forgetting her appearance in the 1995 film, Species:


That's right. Microsoft Word looks pretty from a distance. When you get close to her, you find out that she carries alien-corrupted DNA. Too late! She's already drilling a hole in your skull with her tongue.

Now that I have subjected you to old science fiction cinema that is as gory as it is bad, I owe you a MoneyLaw payoff. Here it is:

Microsoft Word, for all its horrors, prevails throughout the world of computing solely by virtue of its ubiquity. We use it because everyone else does. And even though it's bad, we keep using it because it would cost us too much to switch to smarter software, both in terms of having to buy the new stuff and in terms of losing touch with the people who stuck with Word.

To make the same point in fancy jargon of the sort that makes law review editors swoon: Nearly universal adoption of Microsoft Word confers upon this admittedly defective product a powerful network externality. The marketplace recognizes the defect, but switching costs obstruct the triumph of consumer choice. As a result, a technological lock-in secures Word's dominant market share, and any power that Microsoft enjoys over the power for word processing software arguably should be vulnerable to attack under, say, section 2 of the Sherman Antitrust Act.

The world is filled with lock-ins of this sort. It isn't just technology. China clings to the horrifically misnamed Simplified Chinese writing system, and Japanese orthography still relies predominantly on kanji, even though both languages have homegrown phonetic writing systems. Some variant of the bopomofo phonetic alphabet can handle just about every Sino-Tibetan language; Hmong and Vietnamese got a little help from religiously inclined outsiders who adapted the Roman alphabet. Japanese has not one but two complete syllabaries: hiragana and katakana. At some point the Koreans overthrew the tyranny of Chinese-influenced ideograms once and for all, and as a result, to see a Korean word is to know instantly how to pronounce it.

Are there similar lock-ins in legal education? As Jeff Harrison has just discussed, perhaps teaching methods masquerading as "Socratic" number among them. Better yet, are there ways to defeat the truly debilitating lock-ins?

The example of Korean orthography is both instructive and inspiring. Lock-in is probably the way of the world; look at the number of people condemned for the foreseeable future to writing ideograms while perfectly workable phonetic alphabets and syllabaries are waiting in the wings. But the Hermit Kingdom did something truly transformative over the course of its linguistic history and adopted an ingenious, fully phonetic writing system not because of, but in spite of, the elite prestige that had accumulated in mastery of the old Chinese-influenced system of ideograms.

And that is why MoneyLaw, if it ever does decide to adopt an official east Asian language, will bypass Mandarin and Japanese in favor of Korean.